What are the components of the central dogma of molecular biology?

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system. The correct sequence is DNA → RNA → Protein. This process begins with DNA, which contains the genetic blueprint for an organism.

First, transcription occurs, where a specific segment of DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where translation takes place. During translation, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and synthesize proteins based on the instructions provided in the mRNA.

Thus, the pathway illustrates how information is transferred from the genetic material (DNA) to functional products (proteins) through an intermediary (RNA). This framework helps explain how genes are expressed and how genetic information leads to the diverse functions necessary for life. Understanding this process is crucial in fields such as genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry, as it lays the foundation for exploring gene regulation, protein synthesis, and the overall flow of genetic information in cells.