What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

The primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis is to transport specific amino acids to the ribosome. During the translation process, tRNA molecules read the sequence of nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) and bring the corresponding amino acids based on their attached anticodons. Each tRNA is specific to one amino acid and ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain according to the codon sequence of the mRNA. This critical role facilitates the assembly of proteins, which are made up of chains of amino acids, thereby contributing to the expression of genes and the overall flow of genetic information.